Raashid Shah

Q.1 With reference to the ancient “Thewa art” , consider the following statements : 1. It is a jewellery form with base material of gold 2. It is based on the Hindu mythology or Mughal court scenes, historical events or with flora and fauna motifs. Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. B It is a jewellery form with base material of gold or silver Thewa is a special art of jewelry making which involves embossing of intricately worked-out sheet gold on molten glass. It evolved in Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan India. Its origin dates back to the Mughal age Thewa is a traditional art of fusing 23K Gold with multicoloured glass. The glass is treated by a special process to have glittering effects, which in turn highlights the intricate gold work. History of thewa art goes back 300- 500 years Q.2 With reference to the Kalinga architecture, which among the following temples is/are the example of the Rekha Deula type ? 1. Lingaraj temple of Bhubaneshwar 2. Konark Sun temple 3. Jagannath temple of puri Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 2 B) 2 & 3 C) Only 1 D) 1 & 3 Ans. D Kalinga architecture The prominent examples of Rekha Deula are Lingaraj Temple of Bhubaneswar and Jagannath Temple of Puri. One of the prominent example of Khakhara Deula is Vaital Deula. The Konark Sun Temple is a living example of Pidha Deula. Q.3 Servants of Indian society founded by the Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Who among the following are the members : 1. B.N. Rao 2. Alladi Krishnaswamy 3. M.C. Setalvad Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D *The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 byGopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan Education Society to form this association. *Along with him were a small group of educated Indians, as Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal Krishna Deodhar and Anant Patwardhan who wanted to promote social and human development and overthrow the British rule in India. *The Society organized many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. *The publication of The Hitavada, the organ of the Society in English from Nagpur commenced in 1911. *Prominent Indians were its members and leaders. It chose to remain away from political activities and organizations like the Indian National Congress. *The base of the Society shrank after Gokhale’s death in 1915, and in the 1920s with the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as president of Congress, who launched social reform campaigns on a mass scale throughout the nation and attracted young Indians to the cause. However, it still continues its activities albeit with a small membership. Q.4 With reference to the Warli paintings , consider the following paintings: 1. It is an art form made without any outline before painting 2.  Human and animal bodies are represented by two inverse triangles joined at their tips. 3. Circle, triangle, and square are the basic geometric shapes that are employed in Warli paintings Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) All are correct Ans. D It is said to date back to 2500 B.C. The central motif in these paintings is surrounded by scenes portraying hunting, fishing, and farming as well as trees and animals. These rudimentary wall paintings use a set of basic geometric shapes: a circle, a triangle, and a square. These shapes are symbolic of different elements of nature. The circle and the triangle come from their observation of nature. The circle is representing the sun and the moon while the triangle is derived from mountains and pointed trees. In contrast, the square appears to be a human invention, indicating a sacred enclosure or a piece of land. The central motif in each ritual painting is the square, known as the “chalk” or “Shaukat”, mostly of two types known as Devchauk and Lagnachauk. Inside a Devchauk is usually Palaghata, the mother goddess, symbolizing fertility Male gods are unusual among the Warli and are frequently related to spirits which have taken human shape. Human and animal bodies are represented by two inverse triangles joined at their tips. The upper triangle depicts the torso and the lower triangle the pelvis. Their precarious equilibrium symbolizes the balance of the universe. Another main theme of Warli art is the denotation of a triangle that is larger at the top representing a “man” and a triangle which is wider at the bottom representing a “woman”.[4]Apart from ritualistic paintings, other Warli paintings covered day-to-day activities of the village people. – Apart from ritualistic paintings, other Warli paintings covered day-to-day activities of the village people. Q.5 With reference to the Chakiarkoothu form of dance, consider the following statements : 1.It is witnessed by the Hindus of the higher castes 2.It can be staged inside temples only 3. It is recited in a quasi-dramatic style with emphasis on facial expressions & hand gestures Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D This dance form is believed to have been introduced to Kerala by the early Aryan immigrants & is performed only by the members of the Chakiar caste. A highly orthodox type of entertainment, it can be staged inside temples only & witnessed by the Hindus of the higher castes. The theatre is known as Koothambalam. The story is recited in a quasi-dramatic style with emphasis on eloquent declarations with appropriately suggestive facial expressions & hand gestures. The only accompaniments are the cymbals & the drum known as the mizhavu, made of copper with

Q.1 Which among the following is/are not the characteristic(s) of the Gothic style of architecture ? 1. Gopuram 2. Flying buttress 3. Mandapa Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 2 & 3 D) Only 1 Ans. A Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (“French work”) with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault (which evolved from the joint vaulting of romanesque architecture) and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms. It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th-century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for ecclesiastical and university structures, into the 20th century. Q.2 With respect to Buddhism, What are Mandalas ? A) These are mystical maps for the visualization process with cosmic symbolism B) These contain rules for the Buddhist monasteries C) These are the soteriological goals of the Buddhist path for monastic life D) These are the means to escape from the cycle of rebirth & attain self realization Ans. A — In Tibetan Buddhism tradition, mandala are mystical maps for the visualization process with cosmic symbolism. Q.3 With reference to the ancient period  which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Vetti                       –       Tax 2. Kadamai                     –       Land revenue 3. Nadu                        –       Group of villages Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Q.4 With reference to the Cabinet mission, consider the following statements ; 1. Cabinet Mission announced its constitutional scheme for the formation of an Interim Government at the Centre 2. Muslim League decided to join the Interim Government 3. Muslim League didn’t accept Cabinet Mission’s constitutional scheme Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 3 B) 1 & 3 C) Only 1 D) 1 & 2 Ans. D Muslim League accepts Cabinet Mission’s constitutional scheme Q.5 With reference to the ancient India, which one among the following was made earliest? A) Lingraj temple B) Ajanta cave temple C) Elephanta cave temple D) Pattadakal temple Ans.C Lingraj temple ,Bhubaneshwar :-11th century Ajanta cave temple : 19th century Elephanta cave temple: 5TH century BC Pattadakal temple : 7th – 8th century Khajuraho,:- 95- 1050 AD Q.6 With reference to the art and archaeological history of India, which one among the following was made earliest? A) Ellora caves B) Hindu caves C) Buddhist caves D) Jain caves Ans. A ELLORA CAVES : 350-700 AD Hindu caves : 600- 875 AD Buddhist caves : 550- 750 AD Jain caves :800- 1000 AD Q.7 In ancient India Mehrgarh was : A) Kingdom in the Deccan area B) Graveyard of the Delhi sultanate C) Fort in Rajasthan D) Neolithic site in the Bolan valley Ans. D Q.8 Which among the following temples is/are the examples of the Gadag architecture ? 1. Doddabasappa temple 2. Lingaraja temple 3.  Kasivisvesvra temple Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. A Gadag architecture: The Gadag style of architecture is also called Western Chalukya architecture.The style flourished for 150 years (1050 to 1200 CE); in this period, about 50 temples were built. Some examples are the Saraswati temple in the Trikuteshwara temple complex at Gadag, the Doddabasappa Temple at Dambal, the Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi, and the Amriteshwara temple at Annigeri. which is marked by ornate pillars with intricate sculpture.This style originated during the period of the Kalyani Chalukyas (also known as Western Chalukya) Someswara I. Q.9 With reference to the ancient period what is kosagrha ? A) Gate tower B) Fire house C) Wind mill D) Storage house Ans. B Q.10 In context with the ancient Tarpa dance , consider the following statements: 1. Men and women move in a circle around the Tarpa player with entwining their hands 2. The dancers usually follow the tarpa player with turning their back Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. A One of the central aspects of many Warli paintings is the “Tarpa Dance”—the Tarpa, a trumpet-like instrument, is played in turns by different village men. Men and women entwine their hands and move in a circle around the Tarpa player. The dancers then follow him, turning and moving as he turns, never turning their back to the Tarpa. The musician plays two different notes, which direct the head dancer to either move clockwise or counterclockwise. The Tarpa player assumes a role similar to that of a snake charmer, and the dancers become the figurative snake. The dancers take a long turn in the audience and try to encircle them for entertainment. The circle formation

Q.1 With reference to the Dravidian architecture, What are Agamas ? A) These are the collection of the scriptures constituting the methods of temple construction B) These are the code of conduct that is to be followed by the Bhikshus C) These are the texts describing the discourse of the tirthankara D) These are the  manuscripts in Indo-Aryan languages describing the spread of the templesof the southern India Ans. A Traditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas. The Agamas are non-vedic in origin and have been dated either as post-vedic texts or as pre-vedic compositions.The Agamas are a collection of Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti, worship means of deities, philosophical doctrines, meditative practices, attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yoga. Q.2 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the scripts/texts of the Dravidian style ? 1. Mayamata and Manasara shilpa texts describes the art of building in India in south and central India 2. Brihat-samhita is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu temples Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. B Mayamata and Manasara shilpa texts estimated to be in circulation by 5th to 7th century AD, is a guidebook on Dravidian style of Vastu Shastradesign, construction, sculpture and joinery technique Isanasivagurudeva paddhati is another text from the 9th century describing the art of building in India in south and central India In north India, Brihat-samhita by Varāhamihira is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual from 6th century describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu temples Q.3 Consider the following : 1. Undavalli caves             : Madhya Pradesh 2. Ramatheertham               :  Andhra Pradesh 3. Varaha Cave Temple          :  Mamallapuram Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) 2 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) Only 3 Ans. B Rock-cut monuments in India •       Aihole has 3 Jaina temple •       Badami Cave Temples •       Bagh Caves •       Ellora Caves has 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 Jain temples.[19] •       Kanheri Caves •       Lenyadri Caves •       Mahabalipuram •       Pancha Rathas •       Kazhuku Malai •       Pandavleni Caves •       Pitalkhora •       Undavalli caves, Andhra Pradesh •       Varaha Cave Temple at Mamallapuram •       Masroor Temple at Kangra •       Bojjannakonda Buddhist Site, Andhra Pradesh •       Guntupalle Buddhist Site, Andhra Pradesh •       Ramatheertham, Andhra Pradesh Q.4 Which of the following is/are not depicted in the Rajput paintings ? 1. Stories of Krishna 2. Ragas & Ragnis 3. Deeds of Hamza 4. Deeds of Babur Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1,2,3 B) 2,3,4 C) 3 & 4 D) Only 4 Ans. C Rajput painting, also called Rajasthani painting, evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana in India. Each Rajputana kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the Ramayana. Miniatures in manuscripts or single sheets to be kept in albums were the preferred medium of Rajput painting, but many paintings were done on the walls of palaces, inner chambers of the forts, havelis, particularly, the havelis of Shekhawati, the forts and palaces built by ShekhawatRajputs. The colours were extracted from certain minerals, plant sources, conch shells, and were even derived by processing precious stones. Gold and silver were used. The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process, sometimes taking weeks. Brushes used were very fine. Elements, such as distinct portraiture, utilized by popular Mughal artists (Govardhan, Hashim, etc.) are not found in Rajput works. Likewise, Rajput techniques are not predominantly seen in Mughal paintings. Q.5 With reference to the Indian National Movement, what was Dharsana satyagraha ? A) It was the movement by the peasants against the land lords in Bengal B) It was the protest against prejudice and discrimination towards brahmins C) It aimed at removing the British Empire from power by boycotting British products D) It was a protest against the British salt tax in colonial India Ans. D Dharasana Satyagraha was a protest against the British salt tax in colonial India in May, 1930. Following the conclusion of the Salt March to Dandi, Mahatma Gandhi chose a non-violent raid of the Dharasana Salt Works in Gujarat as the next protest against British rule. Hundreds of satyagrahis were beaten by soldiers under British command at Dharasana. The ensuing publicity attracted world attention to the Indian independence movement and brought into question the legitimacy of British rule in India. Q.6 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the Aligarh movement ? 1. The impact of Aligarh Movement was confined to the Northern India only 2. The Aligarh Movement introduced a new trend in Arabic literature. 3. It aimed to establish a modern system of education for the Muslim population of British India Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 2 & 3 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) Only 3 Ans. D The Aligarh Movement is the movement to establish a modern system of education for the Muslim population of British India, during the later decades of the 19th century.The movement′s name derives from the fact that its core and origins lay in the city of Aligarh in Northern India and, in particular, with the foundation of: the Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School.The founder of the original college, and the other educational institutions that developed from it, was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. He became the leading light of the wider Aligarh Movement.It influenced a number of other contemporary movements to a great extent that it caused the emergence of other socio-religious movements during the 19th century. The impact of Aligarh Movement was not confined to the Northern India only, but its expansion could be seen on the other regions

Q.1 Consider the following : Tribes           Place 1. Bhoksa        Uttarakhand 2. Misting       Sikkim 3. Gonds     Madhya Pradesh Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. A Misting  tribe is in Assam Q.2 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Bronze icon of Nataraja ? 1. The classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs by around the 6th-century 2. Torso movements are visible as the most common form of Shiva’s dance 3. It typically shows Shiva dancing holding Agni (fire) in his left back hand, the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudra Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 3 B) 2 & 3 C) Only 1 D) 1 & 3 Ans. D Bronze icon of Nataraja Affiliation  Shiva Symbols Agni Texts Anshumadbhed agama Uttarakamika agama The classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs, as at the Ellora Caves and the Badami Caves, by around the 6th-century.[4][5] Around the 10th century, it emerged in Tamil Nadu in its mature and best-known expression in Chola bronzes, of various heights typically less than four feet,[6] some over.[7] The Nataraja reliefs have been identified in historic artwork from many parts of South Asia, in southeast Asia such as in Bali, Cambodia, and in central Asia It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the Natya Shastra poses, holding Agni (fire) in his left back hand, the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudra, the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in abhaya (fear not) mudra while pointing to a Sutratext, and the back hand holding a musical instrument usually a damaru.[6] His body, fingers, ankles, neck, face, head, ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items, which vary with historic period and region.[1][11] He is surrounded by a ring of flames, standing on a lotus pedestal, lifting his left leg (or in rare cases, the right leg) and balancing over a demon shown as a dwarf (Apasmara[2] or Muyalaka) who symbolizes ignorance The dance of Shiva in Tillai, the traditional name for Chidambaram, forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja. He is also known as “Sabesan” which splits as “Sabayil aadum eesan” in Tamil which means “The Lord who dances on the dais”. The two most common forms of Shiva’s dance are the Lasya (the gentle form of dance), associated with the creation of the world, and the Tandava (the violent and dangerous dance), associated with the destruction of weary worldviews – weary perspectives and lifestyles. •   The arch of fire emerges from two makara on each end, which are water creatures of water and part of Hindu mythologies. •   •   The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a ḍamaru in Sanskrit.[27][28] A specific hand gesture (mudra) called ḍamaru-hasta (Sanskrit for “ḍamaru-hand”) is used to hold the drum •   •   His legs are bent, which suggests an energetic dance. •   The second left hand points towards the raised foot which suggests the viewer to be active and dance despite the circumstances, or alternatively as a sign of upliftment and liberation. •   •   The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead, which symbolize the triune in Shaivism. The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdom. Stone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India, such as the Ellora Caves (Maharashtra), the Elephanta Caves, and the Badami Caves (Karnataka), by around the 6th-century Nataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of Bharatanatyam, with Sanskrit inscriptions from Natya Shastra, at the Nataraja temple in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. Q.3 With reference to the incarnation of the Buddhas what does ” Ruru Jataka ” signifies ? A) It is the tale of the three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope, a woodpecker and a tortoise B) It is the story of “The dumb Prince” that is also known as Muga Pakaya Jataka C) In this jataka tale, the Buddha, in a previous incarnation as a monkey king, self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking them D) is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha, incarnated as a golden deer, rescues a merchant from drowning in the river Ans. D Mahakapi Jataka : In this jataka tale, the Buddha, in a previous incarnation as a monkey king, self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking them. Ruru Jataka : The Ruru Jataka is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha, incarnated as a golden deer, rescues a merchant from drowning in the river (bottom of medallion). Kurunga Miga Jataka : This story is about three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope, a woodpecker and a tortoise. Muga Pakaya Jataka/ Mugapakkha Jataka/ Temiya Jataka : This is the story of “The dumb Prince” Q.4 With reference to the ancient Pandu caves, consider the following statements: 1. These caves depicts the characters of the Pandavas of the Mahabharata epic 2. They are a significant group of Indian rock-cut architecture representing the Hinayana tradition. 3. These are a group of 22 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 2 & 3 D) Only 3 Ans. B Pandav Caves: Pandu Caves or Trirashmi Leni, Leni being a Marathi word for caves), are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE, though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century, reflecting changes in Buddhist devotional practices. They are a significant

Q.1 Every year a community celebrates a festival , Hari Jyoti for planting fruit bearing trees at the beginning of the rains & the new sowing season. Which of the following is such community/ tribe ? A) Gonds B) Dongria Kondh C) Bonda D) Karbi Ans. A Gonds : Of Madhya Pradesh Korku tribe : Of Madhya Pradesh Karbi tribe : Of Assam Limbo tribe : Of Sikkim Bonda : Of Odisha Dongria Kondh : Of Odisha Korku tribe : Of Madhya Pradesh Q.2 Consider the following statements : 1. In 1916 session Congress accepted theMuslim League demand of separate electorates 2. Communal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 points Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C In 1916 session Congress accepted the Muslim League demand of separate electorates & the Congress & The League presented joint demands to the  government. Communal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 points It, however, does not in any way preclude the European Union from addressing Iran’s hostile and destabilising activities. Europe has toughened its tone on Iran’s ballistic missile programme, human rights record and interference in Middle East conflicts. Q.3 Swadeshi Sangam was formed to ispire the local masses through magic lantern lectures, Swadeshi songs. Who was/were the members of the Swadeshi Sangam ? 1. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai 2. Abanindranath Tagore 3. Subramania Siva Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 1 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. A In Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva & Some lawyers formed the Swadeshi Sangam which inspired the local masses Q.4 With reference to the Indian National Movement , What was Official Secrets Act ? A) Under this act Natu brothers were deported without trial & Tilak imprisoned on charges of sedition B) Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 A C) It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of press D) Under this act, It ensured greater government control over the universities Ans. C Official Secrets Act : 1904, It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of press 1897 : Natu brothers were deported without trial & Tilak imprisoned on charges of sedition 1898 : Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 A Indian Universities Act, 1904 : greater government control over the universities Q.5 Which among the following is/are correctly matched : Community        Place 1. Dangasia      Gujarat 2. Gond          Madhya Pradesh 3. Mirgan        Odisha Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 2 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Dangasia     Gujarat Gond         Madhya Pradesh Mirgan           Odisha Q.6 B.R. Ambedkar is associated With Which of the following  ? 1. Bahishkrita Hitkarini Sabha 2. Hindu Mahasabha 3. Hindu Code bill Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 1 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. A Lala Lajpat Rai involvement with Hindu Mahasabha leaders gathered criticism from the Naujawan Bharat Sabha as the Mahasabhas were non-secular, which did not conform with the system laid out by the Indian National CongressHindu Mahasabha. Q.7 Consider the following : Sites                                  Place 1. Aalampur Temple                     :   Telanagana 2. European Tomb                   :   Gujarat 3. Khajurao Monuments                  :   Madhya Pradesh Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Other Important Sites : Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum Complex     :   Madhya Pradesh Mahabalipuram                      :   Tamil Nadu Uparkot                   :   Gujarat Kumarakom                      :   Kerala Q.8 With reference to the religious practices in India, Sarvastivadin belongs to which ancient school ? A) Theravada B) Mahayanism C) Rajagirikars D) Hetuvadins Ans. A Sarvāstivāda were an early school of Buddhism established around the reign of Asoka (third century BCE). It was particularly known as an Abhidharma tradition, with a unique set of seven Abhidharma works. Q.9 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Vernacular Press Act ? 1. The Act provided for submitting to police all the proof sheets of contents of papers before publication. 2. Final decision on the seditious news was to be determined by the Judiciary Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. A Vernacular press act: It was enacted to curtail the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies—notably, the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). The act was proposed by Lord Lytton, then Viceroy of India, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on March 14, 1878. The act excluded English-language publications as it was meant to control seditious writing in ‘publications in Oriental languages’ everywhere in the country, except for the South. Lord Wellesley regulated the press again in 1799; according to which press had to show and get approval of the government before the publication of any manuscript including advertisement. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the “Gagging Act” had been passed by Lord Canning which sought to regulate the establishment of printing presses and to restrain the mad of printed mater. All presses had to have a license from the government with distinction between publications in English and other regional languages. The Act also held that no printed material shall impugn the motives of the British Raj, tending to bring it hatred and contempt and exciting unlawful resistance to its orders. At the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed, there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal, including the Amrita Bazar Patrika, the editor of which was one Sisir Kumar Ghose The

Q.1 Consider the following statements : 1. Caves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka & his grandson , Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika Monks 2.Bharhut stupa constructed under Mauryas shows influence of Greeks on Indian art Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. A Bharhut stupa constructed under Shungas shows influence of Greeks on Indian art Caves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka & his grandson , Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika Monks Q.2 Consider the following statements : 1.Singhi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks, which when bathed in sunlight, look like a snow lion 2. Wancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal Pradesh Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C Singhi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks, which when bathed in sunlight, look like a snow lion Wancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal Pradesh Q.3 With reference to the Kangra Paintings , consider the following statements : 1.Paintings were made on the walls of palaces , inner chambers of forts & havellis 2. Theme of painting is mainly elements of nature 3. Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 1 & 3 B) Only 3 C) 2 & 3 D) Only 2 Ans. D Rajasthani Paintings : -Paintings were made on the walls of palaces , inner chambers of forts & havellis – Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Kangra Paintings : Kangra painting is the pictorial art of Kangra, named after Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, a former princely state, which patronized the art. It became prevalent with the fading of Basohli school of painting in mid-18th century,and soon produced such a magnitude in paintings both in content as well as volume, that the Pahari painting school, came to be known as Kangra paintings. The distinguishing features of the Kangra painting were: Soft colours including cool blues and greens. Lyrical treatment of themes. Theme of painting is mainly elements of nature Q.4 Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Madhubani Paintings ? 1. These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists of the Bihar 2. No space is left empty in these paintings as the gaps are filled with the paintings of flower , animals, birds & even geometric designs 3. Three dimensional images are used in these types of paintings Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) 2 & 3 B) Only 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. A Madhubani Painting Madhubani painting is one of the many famous Indian art forms. As it is practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal, it is called Mithila or Madhubani art. Often characterized by complex geometrical patterns, these paintings are known for representing ritual content for particular occasions, including festivals, religious rituals, etc. The colors used in Madhubani paintings are usually derived from plants and other natural sources. These colors are often bright and pigments like lampblack and ochre are used to create black and brown respectively. Instead of contemporary brushes, objects like twigs, matchsticks and even fingers are used to create the paintings. Kalighat Paintings : These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists in Calcutta Q.5 Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Basholi style of painting ? 1. This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal painting 2.Human figures were shown with tight lips , eyes half open , small chin & thin wrist Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. D Guler style : This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal painting Bikaner School : Human figures were shown with tight lips , eyes half open , small chin & thin wrist Basholi style of painting : Basohli Paintings is a fusion of Hindu mythology, Mughal miniature techniques and folk art of the local hills, evolved in the 17th and 18th centuries as a distinctive style of painting. This style of painting derives its name from the place of its origin – hill town of Basohli about 80 Km. from the centre of district Kathua in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The most popular themes of Basohli Paintings come from Shringara literature like Rasamanjari or Bouquet of Delight ( a long love poem written in 15th century by Bhanudatta of Tirhut Bihar ), Gita Govinda and Ragamala. These paintings are marked by striking blazing colors, red borders, bold lines and rich symbols. The faces of the figures painted are characterized by the receding foreheads and large expressive eyes, shaped like lotus petals. The painting themselves are mostly painted in the primary colors of Red, Blue and Yellow. This style of painting was first introduced to the world in the annual report (1918-19) of the Archaeological Survey of India published in 1921. At that time this style was yet to be properly categorized and studied. Ananda K. Coomaraswamy was the first to publish them, in Rajput Paintings in 1916. Q.6 What was the reason for the congress to accept dominion status ? A) It would offer a chance to keep India in the commonwealth B) It would allow for some much needed continuity in the bureaucracy & the army C) It would provide the economic strength , defence potential & greater value of trade & Investment

Q.1 With reference to the cultural history, Aharya Abhinaya is associated with which of the following ? A) It is related to the expression that is carried out through the speech B) Ornamentation comes under this category C) It is related to the physical movements of the body D) It is the involuntary movement such as breaking of voice, tear,etc Ans.B Aharya Abhinaya : Ornamentation comes under this category Angika Abhinaya : It is related to the physical movements of the body Vachika Abhinaya : It is related to the expression that is carried out through the speech Satvika Abginaya : It is the involuntary movement such as breaking of voice, tear,etc Q.2 Which one of the following Persian merchant introduced Administrative units to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles & provinces ? A) Muhammad Gawan B) Nicolo de conti C) Abdur Razzaq D) Domingo Paes Ans. A Muhammad Gawan : introduced Administrative units called “Tarafs” to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles & provinces Q.3 What was Kathi during the Maratha administration ? A) These were the taxes collected not only in the Marartha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the mughal empire B) It was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas C) It was an additional levy of one tenth on those lands over which the Marathas claimed herediatary rights D) It was the yard stick for measuring the land Ans. D Kathi : It was the yard stick for measuring the land; introduced by Malik Ambar Chauth & Sardeshmukhi : These were the taxes collected not only in the Marartha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the mughal empire Chauth : It was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas Sardeshmukhi : It was an additional levy of one tenth on those lands over which the Marathas claimed herediatary rights Q.4 With reference to the cultural history of India, what is Tarangam ? A) It is the sequence of kathak dance exhibiting elegant & slow movements of eyebrows ,neck & wrist B) Kuchipudi dance is usually concluded with the Tarangam in which the dancer performs on the top of the brass plate C) Bharatnatyam dance ends with it, in which certain words or syllables are used in a very fast manner D) It is a dance form of Mohiniyattam in a beautiful feminine style with surging flow of body movements Ans. B Kuchipudi dance is usually concluded with the Tarangam in which the dancer performs on the top of the brass plate Q.5 Who among the following founded Theosophical society ? A) Madam Blavatsky & Annie Besant B) A.O. Hume & Annie Besant C) H.S. Alcott & Annie Besant D) Madam Blavatsky & H.S Alcott Ans. A The Theosophical Society was an organization formed in the United States in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy. The original organization, after splits and realignments, currently has several successors. Following the death of Blavatsky, competition within the Society between factions emerged, particularly among founding members and the organisation split between the Theosophical Society Adyar (Olcott-Besant) and the Theosophical Society Pasadena (Judge). The former group, headquartered in India , is the most widespread international group holding the name “Theosophical Society” today. Q.6 The ‘Kurram’ of Chola period were : A) Musicians B) Union of villages C) Royal officers D) Temple artisans Ans. B Chola political system was the only one which still maintained contact with the cultivator on a wild scale, and retained characteristics of a centrally organized administration. The political status Rajaraja I was certainly different from that of Amoghavarsha, the Rashtrakuta ruler, or Vishnuvardhana, the Hoysala ruler. The titles used by the Chola kings were Chakrvartigal (or Chakravarti). The royal household was run on an elaborate scale and royal patronage was lavish. The political role of Purohita (priest) as known to northern Indian politics underwent a modification in the Chola system. The Rajguru (priest of the royal family) of the Cholas became a confidant and confessor in addition to being the advisor in all matters temporal and sacred. For further advice there was an assembly of officer whom the king would consult. Chola kingdom was divided into provinces (mandalam), their being generally eight or nine of these. Each mandalam was divided into valanadus (or districts). These in turn were subdivided into groups of villages, variously called kurram, nadu, or kottam. Occasionally a very large village would be administered as a single unit and this was called Taniyur. The administrative unit was the village and to that extent there was a little significant difference between Chola administration and that of the Guptas. However, the nature of the village administration was certainly of a very different order. The degree of autonomy at village level was something quiet remarkable for the times. Chola officials participated in village affairs more as advisors and observers than as administrators. The basic assumption in the type of village autonomy emerging at this period was that each village should be administered by the villagers themselves. For the purpose a village assembly was formed, and authority was vested in this assembly. The general assemblies included most of the local residents and were of three categories: the ur consisted of the tax paying residents of an ordinary village; the sabha was restricted to the Brahmans of the village or else was found exclusively in villages gifted to Brahmans; and finally, the nagaram was found more commonly in trade centers. In some villages the ur and the sabha were found together. Very large villages had two urs if this was more convenient for their functioning. The working of these assemblies differed according to local conditions. The ur was open to all male adults of the village but in affect the older members took a more prominent part, some of them forming a small executive body for routine matters. The sabha had the same system and in addition had the power to constitute smaller committees of

Q.1 With reference to the modern period who was Mufti ? A) A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law B) It is a term given to Faujdari Adalat C) Interpretations of local laws given by Brahman Pandits D) None of the above Ans. A A criminal court (faujdari adalat ) and a civil court (diwani adalat) Qazi – A judge Mufti – A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law that the qazi would administer Other terms : Dharmashastras – Sanskrit texts prescribing social rules and codes of behaviour, composed from c. 500 BCE onwards Q.2 During the british period, What was Mahal ? A)It is a revenue estate which may be a village or a group of villages B) It refers to the meetings held in the durbar C) It is a tax collected by the Indian Officials D) None of the above Ans. A Q.3 With reference to the tribal groups, which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Labadis – Cattle herders 2. Gaddis – Shepherds 3. Bakarwals – Goats Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Q.4 With reference to the medieval period , what was Calicos ? A) Cotton Textiles B) Iron & Steel Industries C) Jute Industries D) None of the above Ans. A Q.5 With reference to the Indian textiles, which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Bandanna – It refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head 2. Jamdani – It is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom 3. Takli – Household spinning instrument Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom, typically in grey and white. Often a mixture of cotton and gold thread was used, as in the cloth in this picture. The most important centres of jamdani weaving were Dacca in Bengal and Lucknow in the United Provinces. Q.6 Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Aurang – Warehouse where goods are collected 2. Bellows – A device or equipment that can pump air 3. Slag heap – The waste left when smelting metal Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D 1. Aurang – Warehouse where goods are collected 2. Bellows – A device or equipment that can pump air 3. Slag heap – The waste left when smelting metal Q.7 With reference to the ancient period, which among the following is/are correctly marched ? 1. Mobato : Village headman 2. Pykars : Travelling traders 3. Chapkan : Long button coat Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) 2 & 3 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D 1. Mobato : Village headman 2. Pykars : Travelling traders 3. Chapkan : Long button coat Q.8 Nagabandha mudra is associated with which of the following classical dance ? A) Kuchipudi B) Kathak C) Manipuri D) Kathakali Ans. C Nagabandha mudra is performed using both the hands Q.9 With reference to the Kathakali , consider the following statements : 1. It covers every part of the body from facial muscles to fingers, eyes, hands & wrists 2. Movements of the eyebrows , eye balls & lower eye lids are not used to an extent Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C Kathakali  : It covers every part of the body from facial muscles to fingers, eyes, hands & wrists Movements of the eyebrows , eye balls & lower eye lids are not used to an extent Q.10 With reference to the cultural history of India,  the terms “Alarippu”, “Tillana”, “Mangalam” are associated with which of the following classical dance ? A) Bharatnatyam B) Kathakali C) Kuchipudi D)Kathak Ans. A Alarippu”, “Tillana”, “Mangalam” are associated with Bharatnatyam

Q.1 Consider the following statements : 1. Sunderban is declared as Ramsar site in 2019 2. Sunderban was desIgnatd as Biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2001 Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C 1. Sunderban is declared as Ramsar site in 2019 2. Sunderban was desIgnatd as Biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2001 Q.2  With reference to the Carlye Circular, consider the following statements : 1. It was issued by the Chief secretary of British India, Lord stanley on 22 Oct 1905 2. It was termed as the declaration of slavery 3. It was issued when the Indian youth started opposing western education against the partition of bengal Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 2 B) 1 & 3 C) Only 3 D) 2 & 3 Ans. D It was issued by the chief secretary of Bengal, Thomas Carlyle on 22 October 1905. According to the circular ‘If any college violates the government order and the student quits the educational institution then no assistance will be provided by the government to the institute’. It was termed the declaration of slavery. Q.3 With reference to Santhal rebellion, consider the following statements : 1. The revold took place to expel the outsiders from the area of Daman-i-Koh & to oppress the Zamindari system 2. A separate district of santhal Pargana was created by the government to pacify the Santhals Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C The revolt took place to expel the outsiders from the area of Daman-i-Koh & to oppress the Zamindari system A separate district of santhal Pargana was created by the government to pacify the Santhals The Santhal rebellion was a rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal , Eastern India against both the British East India Company (BEIC) and zamindari system by the Santhal. It started on June 30, 1855 and on November 10, 1855, martial law was proclaimed by the East India Company which lasted until January 3, 1856 when martial law was suspended and the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the Presidency armies. The rebellion was led by the four sibling Brothers – Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav Q.4 Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Hatta – Market Streets 2. Manigramam and Nanadesi – Taxes 3. Kaikkolars – Weavers Which among the above statements is/are correct ? A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. B Manigramam and Nanadesi- There were several such guilds in south India from the eighth Weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars Q.5 Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Moors – Muslim Merchants 2. Devadasis – Temple dancers 3. Hundi – Note recording a deposit Which among the above statements is/are correct ? A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Q.6 Which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Moors – Muslim Merchants 2. Devadasis – Temple dancers 3. Hundi – Note recording a deposit Which among the above statements is/are correct ? A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Q.7 With reference to the Banjaras, what was Tanda ? A) Caravan B) Horses C) Raw materials D) Food grains Ans. A These Banjaras carry their household – wives and children – along with them. One tanda consists of many families. Q.8 With reference to the ancient history, which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Kansari – Bell Metal Workers 2. Kolu – Oil Pressers 3. Chauchala – Four roofed temples Which among the above statements is/are correct ? A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Double-roofed – Dochala Morris cotton printing Q.9 With reference to the modern period who was Mufti ? A) A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law B) It is a term given to Faujdari Adalat C) Interpretations of local laws given by Brahman Pandits D) None of the above Ans. A A criminal court (faujdari adalat ) and a civil court (diwani adalat) Qazi – A judge Mufti – A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law that the qazi would administer Other terms : Dharmashastras – Sanskrit texts prescribing social rules and codes of behaviour, composed from c. 500 BCE onwards Sawar – Men on horses Musket – A heavy gun used by infantry soldiers Matchlock – An early type of gun in which the powder was ignited by a match Q.10 With reference to the ancient history, which among the following is/are correctly matched ? 1. Kansari – Bell Metal Workers 2. Kolu – Oil Pressers 3. Chauchala – Four roofed temples Which among the above statements is/are correct ? A) Only 1 B) 1 & 3 C) 1 & 2 D) 1,2,3 Ans. D Double-roofed – Dochala Morris cotton printing No Comments on HISTORY  MCQ SET-18- FRAMED FROM  NCERT, WIKEPEDIA, SATISH CHANDRA, BIPIN CHANDRA, R.S. SHARMA Leave A Comment Cancel Reply Logged in as admin. Log out » Comments Name Email

Q. With reference to the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque consider the following statements : 1. The mosque is entirely arcuated & is known for its ten intricately carved stone latticework windows 2. It was built in the retinue of sultan Ahmad Shah Bilal Jhajar Khan Select the correct answer using the codes given below : A) Only 1 B) Only 2 C) Both are correct D) Both are incorrect Ans. C The Sidi Saiyyed Mosque, popularly known as Sidi Saiyyid ni Jali locally, built in 1572–73 AD (Hijri year 980), is one of the most famous mosques of Ahmedabad, a city in the state of Gujarat, India. The mosque was built by Sidi Sayyad, a Habshi nobleman, in 1572–73. COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.580 FOR UPSC,UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to Rani Ki Vav (Queen’s stepwell), consider the following statements : 1. It was built by Queen Padmavati 2. It is designed as an inverted temple highlighting the sanctity of water 3. It is also present on the new currency note of Rs. 100/- How many of the above statements are correct A) Only one B) Only two C) All three D) None Ans. B 2 & 3 STATEMENTS ARE CORRECT Rani Ki Vav is a stepwell situated in the town of Patan in Gujarat, India. It is located on the banks of the Saraswati River. Its construction is attributed to Udayamati, the spouse of the 11th-century Chaulukya king Bhima I. Silted over, it was rediscovered in the 1940s and restored in the 1980s by the Archaeological Survey of India. It has been listed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India since 2014. The finest and one of the largest examples of its kind, this stepwell is designed as an inverted temple highlighting the sanctity of water. It is divided into seven levels of stairs with sculptural panels. These panels have more than 500 principal sculptures and over a thousand minor ones that combine religious and symbolic imagery. COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.578 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to the Medieval history, what was Anwar-e-Suhaili ? A) Persian translation of Upanishad B) It denotes the Expersionist policy by the Fourth ruler of Mughal dynasty C) Persian translation of Panchatantra D) Akbar’s religious policy was based on this Ans. C COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.577 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. Who among the following is the author of the Nasir –e- Alamgiri ? A) Arif Kandhari B) Mulla dawood C) Shaki Mustand Khan D) Khafi khan Ans. C Nasir –e- Alamgiri :  Shaki Mustand Khan Tabaqat-e-Akbari : Arif Kandhari Tarikh-e-Alfi : Mulla dawood Muntakhab-ul-Luwav : Khafi khan COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.576 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to the medieval History, what was Diwan-i-Insha ? A) Custodian of government paper under Mughal rule B) Responsibility of maintaining trade & economic relations with foreign rulers C) Maintaining spies & Intelligence affairs D) Responsibility of managing royal household Ans. A Diwan-i-Insha : Custodian of government paper under Mughal rule Diwan-i-Rasalt : Responsibility of maintaining trade & economic relations with foreign rulers Diwan-i-Qaza : Maintaining spies & Intelligence affairs Diwan-i-Saman : Responsibility of managing royal household COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.575 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to the Medieval history, which among the following is described by the Tarikh-e-Alfi ? A) It is written to commemorate 1000 years of Islam B) It provides description of the reforms made by the Akbar C) It provides description of the Babar being poisoned by Ibrahim Lodhi’s mother D) Akbar was declared supreme in religious matters as well Ans. A Tarikh-e-Alfi- It is written to commemorate 1000 years of Islam Tabaqat-i-Akbari : description of the reforms made by the Akbar Humayunnamah : description of the Babar being poisoned by Ibrahim Lodhi’s mother Mehjar : Akbar was declared supreme in religious matters as well COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.574 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS, EPFO/APFC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. Which among the following is not built by Akbar ? A) Panch Mahal B) Itmad-Ud-Daulah C) Diwan-e-Aam D) Diwan-e-Khas Ans. B Itmad-Ud-Daulah – By Jahangir at Agra COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.567 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS ETC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. Which among the following is not the ruler of Gurjara Pratihara dynasty ? A) Munj B) Vatsaraj C) Mihir Bhoj D) Nagabhatta II Ans. A Rulers of Gurjara Pratihara dynasty : Vatsaraj Mihir Bhoj Nagabhatta II Nagabhatta I Rulers of Parmar dynasty : Munj Sindhuraj Jai Singh Bhoj COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.566 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS ETC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to the Jainism , What is Nirjara ? A) It is necessary to suppress the material element B) It is the law of giving up life by fasting C) According to Jainism, due to ignorance the soul is attracted towards Karma D) It is the cessation of the already existing karma in the soul Ans. D Kayaklesh : It is necessary to suppress the material element. In this, the law of doing penance, fasting, Sallekhana Sallekhana : It is the law of giving up life by fasting Ashrava : According to Jainism, due to ignorance the soul is attracted towards Karma COPYRIGHT FRAMED QUESTION Q.565 FOR UPPCS, UKPCS ETC  FRAMED FROM WIKEPDIA Q. With reference to the ancient History , what was Ratnin ? A) An author of the Vrihadaranyaka B) A talented & respected sage of later vedic period C) High Officials of state in the Vedic period D) None of the above Ans . C Maharishi Yajnavalkya : -An author of the Vrihadaranyaka -A talented & respected sage of later vedic period Ratnin in ancient India: It was the 12 Ratnins or 12 officers of King and Parishad. The 12 Ratnins included Mahishi (Queen), Yuvraj (Crown Prince), Purohit (Head Priest), etc. Tribal assemblies Vidata and Gana lost their importance. Sabha and Samiti lost their tribal characteristics and became Parishad. No Comments on HISTORY  MCQ SET-17- FRAMED FROM  NCERT, WIKIPEDIA, SATISH