11th & 12th topic will be uploaded on 1ST SEPTEMBER 2024 10.Sir Henry Ramsay -Ramsay worked in Kumaon on various posts for 44 years, worked as a commissioner for 28 years -Henry Ramsay held the post of commissioner from 1856 to 1884, who was the 6th commissioner of Kumaon -In Kumaon, he was known as He was called Ramji Saheb -Ramsey was originally a resident of Scotland and was the cousin of Governor General Dalhousie -Ramsey was married to the daughter of former Commissioner Lushington -Ramsey is also called the uncrowned king of Kumaon -Ramsey was able to speak the Pahari dialect, and farmers and labourers used to eat roti made of lentils at home -Ramsey opposed the settlement of the British in Kumaon -Ramsey made the first attempt at disaster management in Uttarakhand -Henry Ramsey developed the city of Nainital as a centre for school education -Henry Ramsey used to live in Binsar, Almonda and Bhabar at intervals of four months each -Pastor William Butler established India’s first Methodist Church in Nainital in 1858 -Ramsey established the Terai Improvement Fund in 1883 for the development of Terai Bhabar -In 1867, the first landslide occurred in Nainital, the reasons for this were Hillsite Safety Committee was formed to find out the cause. -In 1880, a dangerous landslide occurred in Nainital, in which 151 people died -Wicket Settlement 1863-73 AD was the first scientific settlement of land and it was the 9th land settlement by the British -Ramsey, while working as Conservator in Uttarakhand, -ended the contract system -The Notified District Act 1874 was passed, the rules made for forest panchayats in Kumaon in 1931 were under this Act -Even after retiring in 1884, Ramsey lived in Almora till 1892 9. John Halliton After Lushington, Baton was the Kumaon Commissioner from 1848 to 1856. • Baton made a twenty-year settlement, the specialty of which was the Khasra survey Commissioner Strachey built the first iron suspension bridge in Garhwal in Srinagar, its cost was Rs 17078-1853. 8.British rule in Uttarakhand: British rule in Uttarakhand began in 1815 AD in Garhwal region. It was divided into parts. The British had control over the area east of the Alaknanda river and the western part of the Alaknanda was called British Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal -The British first set up a hemp factory in Kashipur -In May 1815, Edward Gardner was appointed the first commissioner of British Kumaon -Gardner’s tenure lasted for a total of 9 months, and his assistant was Trail -The Kumaon Commissioner was given authority as the representative of the British government in the Tehri State -From 1825 to 1842, the commissioner of Dehradun worked as the British agent in the Tehri State -The Tehri State was merged with the Punjab Hill State Agency in 1937 -In 1864, the post of Kumaon Commissioner became a High Court in itself -In 1926, the Kumaon region was placed under the jurisdiction of the Allahabad High Court -The Garhwal district was formed in 1839 and the Terai district was formed It was done in 1842 A.D. -There were a total of 23 British commissioners and one Indian commissioner in Kumaon. After independence, K.L. was the commissioner in Kumaon from 1947 to 1948 A.D. Mehta took over the post of Kumaon Commissioner -The 23rd Commissioner of British Kumaon was W. Finlay, who remained on this post from 1943 to 1947 -At the time of India’s independence, the Kumaon Commissioner was W. Finlay -The 22nd Commissioner of British Kumaon was J.C. Acton, who remained from 1941 to 1943. Before this, the Commissioner was Mr. Stiff -At the time of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Kumaon Commissioner was P. Vidham, whose tenure was from 1914 to 1921 -At the time of the Swadeshi Movement, the Kumaon Commissioner was Campbell, whose tenure was from 1906 to 1914 AD -After Ramsay in 1884, the Kumaon Commissioner was Fisher -At the time of the establishment of the Congress in 1885 AD, the Kumaon Commissioner was G. Ross -Lushington started work on the Khairna-Nainital road in 1845. In 1848, a dam was built in the Gomti river in Bageshwar The bridge was constructed by Lushington -In 1847 AD, a surgeon was appointed in Nainital -In 1848, a dispensary committee was formed in Almora and a dispensary was established in Almora -Poet Gumani Pant has written some verses about Lushington 7. Battle of Khurbura Battle of Khurbura occurred in May 1804 near modern-day village of Dehradun, Khurbura The battle is regarded as the first major attack that triggered between Kingdom of Nepal forces and Maharaja Pradyuman Shah, and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated. It is chiefly regarded the only defeat of Pradyumna Shah’s life and the victory of Gorkhali forces under Kingdom of Nepal. With great difficulty due to unstable circumstances caused by earthquake, Maharaja Pradyuman Shah first moved to Srinagar to Dehradun and then to Saharanpur arranging the forces to combat Gorkhas. King Pradyumna Shah of Garhwal Kingdon prepared for warfare by assembling 12,000 men of various groups under a Gujjar Sardar Ramadayal Singh of Landhaur. On the other hand, Gorkhali forces were led by overall commander ‘Bada Kaji’ Amar Singh Thapa, and his subordinate commanders Kaji Ranajit Kunwar and Bhaktibir Thapa. Pradyumna Shah on his horseback was having a conversation with Miya Dulal Singh of Prithvipur and momentarily, Kaji Ranajit Kunwar shot Pradyumna Shah to death. His shot proved successful as Garhwali soldiers ran away and the war finally ended. 6. Chand dynasty of Kumaon The Chand dynasty Kumaon was a Hindu dynasty that ruled the Kumaon area in present-day Uttarakhand state of India, after the decline of the Katyuri rule. One of the most powerful rulers of the Chand dynasty was Baz Bahadur (1638–78), who met Shahjahan in Delhi, and in 1655 joined forces with him to attack Garhwal, which was under its king, Pirthi Sah, and subsequently captured the Terai region including Dehradun, which was hence separated from the Garhwal kingdom. Baz Bahadur extended his territory east to Karnali river. In 1672, Baz Bahadur started a poll tax, and its revenue was sent to
